Determination of Salinity and Sugar Concentration by Means of a Circular-Ring Monopole Textile Antenna-Based Sensor

This paper presents a monopole antenna-based sensor for measuring different amounts and concentrations of salt sugar in water. The proposed antenna consists textile with circular-ring partial ground plane. It is implemented by means embroidery on felt substrate it resonates at 2.4 GHz. can absorb liquids through the sensing area incorporated within structure. Therefore, dielectric properties are changed according to liquid absorbed solution. uses microwave signals track amount terms magnitude return loss resonance frequency shift. measurements recorded compared before after applying solutions. rinsing reliability has been also studied. demonstrates high sensitivity 800 MHz/mL good correlation linear fit ( ${R}^{2}= 0.9737$ ) 550 response 0.9135$ 5% concentration solutions, respectively. To best our knowledge, this article first time capability fully-textile detect using signals.